Huge graphics overhaul

engine/NBGraphics/Buffers.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "GLLoad.hpp"
 
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <NBCore/Errors.hpp>
@@ -17,145 +16,113 @@ namespace nb {
 
 extern const std::unordered_map<GLenum, std::string> BufferTypes;
 
+template<GLenum N>
+struct GLSLEnum;
+template<typename T>
+struct GLSLType;
+
+#define GLSLTypeTraits(type_, size_, value_) \
+template<>\
+struct GLSLEnum<value_> {\
+    using type = type_;\
+    static constexpr size_t size = size_;\
+    static constexpr GLenum value=value_;\
+};\
+template<>\
+struct GLSLType<type_> {\
+    using type = type_;\
+    static constexpr size_t size = size_;\
+    static constexpr GLenum value=value_;\
+};
+
+#define GLSLTypeEquivalence(original, newtype) \
+template<>\
+struct GLSLType<newtype> : public GLSLType<original> {};
+
+GLSLTypeTraits(uint8_t, 1, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
+GLSLTypeTraits(uint16_t, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT);
+GLSLTypeTraits(uint32_t, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_INT);
+GLSLTypeTraits(int8_t, 1, GL_BYTE);
+GLSLTypeTraits(int16_t, 2, GL_SHORT);
+GLSLTypeTraits(int32_t, 4, GL_INT);
+GLSLTypeTraits(float, 4, GL_FLOAT);
+GLSLTypeTraits(double, 8, GL_DOUBLE);
+
 class BufferError : public Error<BufferError> {
     protected:
     using Base = Error<BufferError>;
-    using Base::Base;
+    
-
     public:
+    using Base::Base;
     enum Codes : unsigned int {
         UNDEFINED,
         DATA_OVERFLOW,
-        INVALID_BUFFER,
+        DATA_ERROR
-        HANDLE_OVERWRITE,
     };
     static const std::string type;
     static const ErrorCodeMap ErrorMessages;
 };
 
-template <typename BufferType>
 class Buffer : public OpenGLObject {
-    using Codes = BufferError::Codes;
-    
-    public:
-    using OpenGLObject::OpenGLObject;
-    Buffer() = default;
-    Buffer(Buffer&& other) {
-        *this = std::move(other);
-    }
-    Buffer& operator=(Buffer&& rhs) {
-        auto targ_name = BufferTypes.at(Target);
-        if (Target != rhs.Target) {
-            THROW(BufferError(
-                Codes::INVALID_BUFFER,
-                "w/ ("+targ_name+") := ("+BufferTypes.at(rhs.Target)+")"
-            ));
-        }
-        //nb::logger.log(std::to_string(_id) + ":=" + std::to_string(rhs._id));
-        if (_id) {
-            THROW(BufferError(
-                Codes::HANDLE_OVERWRITE,
-                "w/ BufferType = " + targ_name
-            ));
-        }
-        _id = rhs._id;
-        _usage = rhs._usage;
-        _size = rhs._size;
-
-        rhs._id = 0;
-        rhs._usage = GL_STATIC_DRAW;
-        rhs._size = 0;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    virtual void bind() const override {
-        if (_id) {
-            glBindBuffer(Target, _id);
-        } else {
-            WARN(BufferError(
-                Codes::INVALID_BUFFER,
-                "w/ BufferType " + BufferTypes.at(Target)
-            ), 0xFE);
-        }
-    }
-    virtual void unbind() const override { glBindBuffer(Target, 0); }
-    virtual GLenum usage() const { return _usage; }
-    virtual GLenum usage(GLenum usage_) {
-        _usage = usage_;
-        data(data(), _usage);
-        return _usage;
-    }
-    virtual size_t size() const { return _size; }
-    virtual ByteVector data() const {
-        bind();
-        ByteVector ret(_size);
-        glGetBufferSubData(Target, 0, _size, ret.data());
-        return ret;
-    }
-    virtual void data(
-        const void* data_,
-        GLsizei size_,
-        GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW
-    ) {
-        declare();
-        bind();
-        glBufferData(Target, size_, data_, usage_);
-        _size = size_;
-        _usage = usage_;
-    }
-    virtual void data(const ByteVector& data_, GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW) {
-        data(data_.data(), data_.size(), usage_);
-
-    }
-    virtual void subdata(void* data_, GLsizeiptr size_, GLintptr offset_=0) {
-        bind();
-        if (offset_+size_ <= _size) {
-            THROW(BufferError(BufferError::Codes::DATA_OVERFLOW));
-        }
-        glBufferSubData(Target, offset_, size_, data_);
-    }
-    virtual void subdata(ByteVector& data_, GLintptr offset_=0) {
-        bind();
-        size_t size_ = data_.size();
-        if (offset_+size_ <= _size) {
-            THROW(BufferError(BufferError::Codes::DATA_OVERFLOW));
-        }
-        glBufferSubData(Target, offset_, data_.size(), data_.data());
-    }
-    // virtual void clear() const { glClearBufferData(Target, ) }
-    static const GLenum Target;
-
     protected:
+    using Codes = BufferError::Codes;
     using OpenGLObject::_id;
     GLenum _usage = GL_STATIC_DRAW;
     size_t _size;
+    Buffer(GLenum target) : Target(target) {}
     virtual GLuint declare() override {
         if (!_id) {
             glGenBuffers(1, &_id);
         }
+        bind();
         return _id;
     } 
     virtual void remove() override {
         if (_id) {
+            unbind();
             glDeleteBuffers(1, &_id);
             _id = 0;
         }
     }
 
+    public:
+    const GLenum Target;
+    using OpenGLObject::OpenGLObject;
+    Buffer(Buffer&& other);
+    Buffer& operator=(Buffer&& rhs);
+
+    virtual void bind() const override {
+        if (_id) {
+            glBindBuffer(Target, _id);
+        } else {
+            THROW(OGLError(
+                OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+                "w/ BufferType " + BufferTypes.at(Target)
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    virtual void unbind() const override { glBindBuffer(Target, 0); }
+    GLenum usage() const;
+    size_t size() const;
+    ByteVector data() const;
+
+    void data(const ByteVector& data, GLenum usage=GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+    void data(const void* data, size_t size, GLenum usage=GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+    void subdata(const void* data, size_t size, GLintptr offset=0);
+    void subdata(const ByteVector& data_, GLintptr offset=0);
+    // virtual void clear() const { glClearBufferData(Target, ) }
+
 };
 
-template<typename BufferType>
+/* template <typename BufferType>
-const GLenum Buffer<BufferType>::Target = BufferType::Target;
+class ImmutableBuffer : public virtual Buffer {
-
-template <typename BufferType>
-class ImmutableBuffer : public virtual Buffer<BufferType> {
     public:
-    using Base = Buffer<BufferType>;
-    using Base::Target;
-    using Base::bind;
-
     ImmutableBuffer() = default;
-    ImmutableBuffer(size_t size_, GLenum usage_ = GL_STATIC_DRAW, GLbitfield flags_=0x0) : size(size_), Base::usage(usage_) {
+    ImmutableBuffer(
+        size_t size_,
+        GLenum usage_ = GL_STATIC_DRAW,
+        GLbitfield flags_=0x0
+    ) : size(size_), Base::usage(usage_) {
         glBufferStorage(Target, size, nullptr, flags_);
     }
 
@@ -177,63 +144,72 @@ class ImmutableBuffer : public virtual Buffer<BufferType> {
     const size_t size;
 
 protected:
-    using Base::_id;
     std::shared_ptr<void> _map = nullptr;
     GLbitfield _mapAccess = 0;
 
+}; */
+
+class ArrayBuffer : public Buffer {
+    public:
+    template<typename T>
+    ArrayBuffer(const std::vector<T>& data, GLenum usage=GL_STATIC_DRAW)
+    : Buffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER) {
+        Buffer::data(vectorToBytes(data), usage);
+    }
 };
 
-template<bool Immutable=false>
+class ElementBuffer : protected Buffer {
-class ArrayBuffer : public Buffer<ArrayBuffer<false>> {
-    using Base = Buffer<ArrayBuffer<false>>;
-    using BufferType = Base;
-
-    public:
-    using Base::Base;
-    using Base::data;
-    ArrayBuffer(const ByteVector&, GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-
-    static const GLenum Target = GL_ARRAY_BUFFER;
-
     protected:
-    using Base::_usage;
+    GLenum _glslType;
-};
+    size_t _typeSize;
-
-template <>
-class ArrayBuffer<true> 
-: public virtual ArrayBuffer<false>, public virtual ImmutableBuffer<ArrayBuffer<true>> {
-    using Base = ArrayBuffer<false>;
-    using BufferType = ImmutableBuffer<ArrayBuffer<true>>;
-    using BufferType::BufferType;
-
 
     public:
-    using Base::Target;
+    using Buffer::Target;
-
+    using Buffer::bind;
-};
+    using Buffer::usage;
-
+    using Buffer::unbind;
-template<bool Immutable=false>
+    ElementBuffer();
-class ElementBuffer : public Buffer<ElementBuffer<false>> {
+    template<typename T>
-    using Base = Buffer<ElementBuffer<false>>;
+    ElementBuffer(const T* const data_ptr, size_t size, GLenum usage=GL_STATIC_DRAW)
-    using BufferType = Base;
+    : Buffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER) {
+        data(data_ptr, size, usage);
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    ElementBuffer(const std::vector<T>& data_, GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW)
+    : ElementBuffer(data_.data(), data_.size(), usage_) {}
     
-    public:
+    size_t size() const;
-    using Base::Base;
+    size_t typeSize() const;
-    static const GLenum Target = GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER;
+    ByteVector data() const;
+    GLenum glslType() const;
+    template<typename T>
+    void data(const T* data_, size_t size_, GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW) {
+        declare();
+        using TypeInfo = GLSLType<T>;
+        _typeSize = TypeInfo::size;
+        Buffer::data(data_, size_*_typeSize, usage_);
+        _glslType = TypeInfo::value;
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    void data(const std::vector<T>& data_, GLenum usage_=GL_STATIC_DRAW) {
+        data(data_.data(), data_.size(), usage_);
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    void subdata(const T* data, size_t size, size_t offset) {
+        using TypeInfo = GLSLType<T>;
+        if ( _glslType != TypeInfo::value ) {
+            THROW( BufferError(
+                Codes::DATA_ERROR,
+                "Check element buffer data types"
+            ) );
+        }
+        Buffer::subdata(data, size*_typeSize, offset);
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    void subdata(const std::vector<T>& data, size_t offset=0) {
+        subdata(data.data(), data.size(), offset);
+    }
 
-    protected:
-
-};
-
-template <>
-class ElementBuffer<true> 
-: public virtual ElementBuffer<false>, public virtual ImmutableBuffer<ElementBuffer<true>> {
-    using Base = ElementBuffer<false>;
-    using BufferType = ImmutableBuffer<ElementBuffer<true>>;
-
-    public:
-    using BufferType::BufferType;
-    using Base::Target;
 
 };
 

engine/NBGraphics/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 find_package(OpenGL)
 add_subdirectory(${GLFW_PATH} ${GLFW_PATH}/build)
 
-include_directories(${GLFW_PATH}/include ${GLAD_PATH}/include)
+include_directories(
+    ${GLFW_PATH}/include
+    ${GLAD_PATH}/include
+    ${STBIMAGE_PATH}
+)
 
 set(GLFW_BUILD_DOCS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(GLFW_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
@@ -9,6 +13,8 @@ set(GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 
 toAbsolutePath(NB_GRAPHICS_SOURCE
     ./src/Buffers.cpp
+    ./src/FrameBuffers.cpp
+    ./src/Image.cpp
     ./src/OGLObjects.cpp
     ./src/ProgramPipeline.cpp
     ./src/Textures.cpp
@@ -20,7 +26,9 @@ toAbsolutePath(NB_GRAPHICS_INCLUDE
     ./Buffers.hpp
     ./Camera.hpp
     ./Draw.hpp
+    ./FrameBuffers.hpp
     ./GLLoad.hpp
+    ./Image.hpp
     ./OGLObjects.hpp
     ./ProgramPipeline.hpp
     ./Textures.hpp

engine/NBGraphics/FrameBuffers.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifndef _NB_FRAMEBUFFER
+#define _NB_FRAMEBUFFER
+
+#include "GLLoad.hpp"
+
+#include <NBCore/Errors.hpp>
+
+#include "Image.hpp"
+#include "OGLObjects.hpp"
+#include "Textures.hpp"
+
+namespace nb {
+
+class FrameBufferError : public Error<FrameBufferError> {
+    protected:
+    using Base = Error<FrameBufferError>;
+    
+    public:
+    using Base::Base;
+    enum Codes : unsigned int {
+        UNDEFINED, INVALID_VALUE
+    };
+    static const std::string type;
+    static const ErrorCodeMap ErrorMessages;
+};
+
+class RenderBuffer : public RenderTarget {
+    protected:
+    GLuint declare() override {
+        if (!_id) {
+            glRenderbufferStorage(
+                GL_RENDERBUFFER,
+                format,
+                width,
+                height
+            );
+        }
+        return _id;
+    }
+    void remove() override {
+        if (_id) {
+            unbind();
+            glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &_id);
+            _id = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public:
+    const unsigned int width;
+    const unsigned int height;
+    const GLenum format;
+    template<typename PixelType>
+    RenderBuffer(unsigned int width_, unsigned int height_) :
+        width(width_),
+        height(height_),
+        format(OGLPixelFormat<PixelType>::glFormat),
+        RenderTarget(GL_RENDERBUFFER) 
+    { declare(); }
+    RenderBuffer(RenderBuffer&& rhs) :
+        width(rhs.width),
+        height(rhs.height),
+        format(rhs.format),
+        RenderTarget(std::move(rhs))
+    {}
+    RenderBuffer& operator=(RenderBuffer&&) = delete;
+    void bind() const override {
+        if (_id) {
+            glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, _id);
+        } else {
+            THROW(OGLError(
+                OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+                "w/ RenderBuffer"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    void unbind() const override {
+        glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);
+    }
+
+};
+
+class FrameBufferBase : public OpenGLObject {
+    private:
+    static bool texTypeIs2D(GLenum texType) {
+        switch(texType) {
+            case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
+            default:
+                return true;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    protected:
+    using AttachmentMap = std::unordered_map<GLenum, std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget>>;
+    AttachmentMap _attachments;
+    FrameBufferBase(GLenum target);
+    GLuint declare() override;
+    void remove() override;
+    std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> detach(GLenum);
+    void attach(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture,
+        unsigned int level=0
+    );
+    void attach(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture,
+        unsigned int level,
+        unsigned int layer
+    );
+    void attach(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<RenderBuffer> renderBuffer
+    ) {
+        declare();
+        if (attachment == GL_NONE) {
+            THROW(FrameBufferError(FrameBufferError::INVALID_VALUE,
+                "Cannot attach RenderBuffer to `GL_NONE`"
+            ));
+        }
+        glFramebufferRenderbuffer(
+            Target,
+            attachment,
+            GL_RENDERBUFFER,
+            renderBuffer->id()
+        );
+        _attachments[attachment] = renderBuffer;
+    }
+
+    public:
+    const GLenum Target;
+    void bind() const override;
+    void unbind() const override;
+    GLenum status() const;
+    AttachmentMap getAllBuffers() const;
+    std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> getBuffer(GLenum) const;
+};
+
+class ReadFrameBuffer;
+class WriteFrameBuffer;
+
+class ReadFrameBuffer : public virtual FrameBufferBase {
+    friend WriteFrameBuffer;
+    protected:
+    using FrameBufferBase::_attachments;
+    GLenum _location;
+
+    public:
+    using FrameBufferBase::attach;
+    ReadFrameBuffer();
+    ReadFrameBuffer& operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&&);
+    ReadFrameBuffer& operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&&);
+    std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> getReadBuffer() const;
+    GLenum getReadLocation() const;
+    std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> setReadBuffer(GLenum attachment);
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> setReadBuffer(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<T> target,
+        Args... args
+    ) {
+        declare();
+        FrameBufferBase::attach(attachment, target, args...);
+        setReadBuffer(attachment);
+        return getReadBuffer();
+    }
+};
+
+class WriteFrameBuffer : public virtual FrameBufferBase {
+    friend ReadFrameBuffer;
+    protected:
+    using DrawTexVec = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Texture>>;
+    using FrameBufferBase::_attachments;
+    std::vector<GLenum> _locations;
+
+    public:
+    WriteFrameBuffer();
+    WriteFrameBuffer& operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&&);
+    WriteFrameBuffer& operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&&);
+    template<typename... T>
+    void attach(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture,
+        T... args
+    ) { FrameBufferBase::attach(attachment, texture, args...); }
+    DrawTexVec getWriteBuffers() const;
+    std::vector<GLenum> getWriteLocations() const;
+    DrawTexVec setWriteBuffers(const std::vector<GLenum>& attachments);
+    std::shared_ptr<Texture> setWriteBuffer(GLenum attachment);
+    template<typename... T>
+    std::shared_ptr<Texture> setWriteBuffer(
+        GLenum attachment,
+        std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture,
+        T... args
+    ) {
+        attach(attachment, texture, args...);
+        setWriteBuffer(attachment);
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<Texture>(_attachments.at(attachment));
+    }
+
+    RGBA<float> clearColorValue() const;
+    RGBA<float> clearColorValue(const RGBA<float>&);
+    RGBA<float> clearColorValue(float r, float g, float b, float a);
+    double clearDepthValue() const;
+    double clearDepthValue(double);
+    GLint clearStencilValue() const;
+    GLint clearStencilValue(GLint);
+    void clear(GLbitfield mask=(
+        GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT
+    )) const;
+    void clearColor() const;
+    void clearDepth() const;
+    void clearDepth(float) const;
+    void clearStencil() const;
+    void clearStencil(GLint) const;
+    void clearDepthStencil() const;
+    void clearDepthStencil(float, GLint) const;
+};
+
+class FrameBuffer : public ReadFrameBuffer, public WriteFrameBuffer {
+    protected:
+    using FrameBufferBase::_attachments;
+    using ReadFrameBuffer::_location;
+    using WriteFrameBuffer::_locations;
+
+    public:
+    FrameBuffer();
+    FrameBuffer& operator=(FrameBuffer&&);
+    FrameBuffer& operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&&);
+    FrameBuffer& operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&&);
+};
+
+} // namespace nb
+
+#endif // _NB_FRAMEBUFFER

engine/NBGraphics/Image.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifndef _NB_IMAGE
+#define _NB_IMAGE
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <NBCore/Errors.hpp>
+
+namespace nb {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct Color {};
+
+struct Red : Color<Red> {};
+struct Green : Color<Green> {};
+struct Blue : Color<Blue> {};
+struct Alpha : Color<Alpha> {};
+
+struct Depth;
+struct Stencil;
+
+template<typename... T>
+struct PixelChannel;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct PixelChannel<T, Red> {
+    using type=T;
+    T value;
+    T& r=value;
+};
+template<typename T>
+struct PixelChannel<T, Green> { 
+    using type=T;
+    T value;
+    T& g=value;
+};
+template<typename T>
+struct PixelChannel<T, Blue> { 
+    using type=T;
+    T value;
+    T& b=value;
+};
+template<typename T>
+struct PixelChannel<T, Alpha> { 
+    using type=T;
+    T value;
+    T& a=value;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct PixelChannel<T, Depth> {
+    using type=T;
+    T value;
+    T& z=value;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct PixelChannel<uint8_t, Stencil> {
+    using type=uint8_t;
+    uint8_t value;
+    uint8_t& u=value;
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+struct Pixel : public PixelChannel<T, Channels>... {
+    Pixel() = default;
+    Pixel& operator=(const Pixel& rhs) {
+        ((
+            [&](const typename PixelChannel<T, Channels>::type& val){
+                this->PixelChannel<T, Channels>::value = val;
+            }(rhs.PixelChannel<T, Channels>::value)
+        ), ...);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    Pixel(const Pixel& cpy)
+    : Pixel(cpy.PixelChannel<T, Channels>::value...) {}
+
+    Pixel(typename PixelChannel<T, Channels>::type... vals)
+    : PixelChannel<T, Channels>{vals}... {}
+};
+
+template<typename Ref>
+struct PixelReference;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+struct PixelReference<Pixel<T, Channels...>> 
+: public Pixel<T&, Channels...> {
+    using PixelType = Pixel<T, Channels...>;
+    using Base = Pixel<T&, Channels...>;
+    using Base::Base;
+
+    PixelReference(PixelType& pixel)
+    : Base(pixel.PixelChannel<T, Channels>::value...) {}
+
+    operator PixelType() {
+        return PixelType(this->PixelChannel<T&, Channels>::value...);
+    }
+
+    PixelReference& operator=(const PixelType& pixel) {
+        ((
+            [&](const typename PixelChannel<T, Channels>::type& val){
+                this->PixelChannel<T&, Channels>::value = val;
+            }(pixel.PixelChannel<T, Channels>::value)
+        ), ...);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using RGBA = Pixel<T, Red, Green, Blue, Alpha>;
+
+template <typename T>
+using RGB = Pixel<T, Red, Green, Blue>;
+
+class ImageError : public Error<ImageError> {
+    protected:
+    using Base = Error<ImageError>;
+    using Base::Base;
+
+    public:
+    enum Codes : unsigned int {
+        UNDEFINED, OUT_OF_BOUNDS
+    };
+    static const std::string type;
+    static const ErrorCodeMap ErrorMessages;
+
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+class Image;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+class Image<Pixel<T, Channels...>> {
+    protected:
+    using Codes = ImageError::Codes;
+    T* _data;
+    Image(unsigned int x, unsigned int y)
+    : width(x), height(y), _data(nullptr) {}
+
+    public:
+    using PixelType = Pixel<T, Channels...>;
+    static constexpr size_t NumberChannels = sizeof...(Channels);
+    const unsigned int width;
+    const unsigned int height;
+    Image(unsigned int x, unsigned int y, const T* data) 
+    : Image(x, y) {
+        size_t data_size = width*height*NumberChannels;
+        _data = new T[data_size];
+        std::memcpy(_data, data, data_size*sizeof(T));
+    }
+    Image(const Image&) = delete;
+    Image& operator=(const Image&) = delete;
+    Image& operator=(Image&&) = delete;
+    Image(Image&& mv) 
+    : width(mv.width), height(mv.height), _data(mv._data) {
+        mv._data = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ~Image() {
+        if (_data) {
+            delete[] _data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const T* data() const { return _data; }
+    Image&& copy() const {
+        return Image(width, height, _data);
+    }
+    PixelReference<PixelType> at(unsigned int x, unsigned int y) {
+        if (!(x<width) || !(y<height)) {
+            std::string note = "w/ ("+std::to_string(x);
+            note += ", "+std::to_string(y) + ") >= (";
+            note += std::to_string(width)+", "+std::to_string(height);
+            note += ")";
+            THROW(ImageError(
+                Codes::OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
+                note
+            ));
+        }
+        auto coord = y*height+x;
+        return PixelReference<PixelType>(
+           _data[coord*NumberChannels+Find<Channels, Channels...>::value-1]...
+        );
+    }
+
+};
+
+template<typename... T>
+class ImageReference;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+class ImageReference<Pixel<T, Channels...>> : public Image<Pixel<T, Channels...>> {
+    protected:
+    using Base = Image<Pixel<T, Channels...>>;
+    using Base::_data;
+
+    public:
+    using Base::width;
+    using Base::height;
+    using Base::copy;
+    ImageReference(unsigned int x, unsigned int y, T* data)
+    : Base(x, y) {
+        _data = data;
+    }
+    ~ImageReference() noexcept {
+        Base::_data = nullptr;
+    }
+
+};
+
+} // namespace nb
+
+#endif // _NB_IMAGE

engine/NBGraphics/OGLObjects.hpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class OGLError : public Error<OGLError> {
     using Base::Base;
 
     enum Codes : unsigned int {
-        UNDEFINED, HANGING_OBJECT
+        UNDEFINED, HANGING_OBJECT, INVALID_OBJECT
     };
 
     static const std::string type;
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ class OpenGLObject {
     public:
     OpenGLObject(const OpenGLObject&) = delete;
     OpenGLObject& operator=(const OpenGLObject&) = delete;
+    OpenGLObject(OpenGLObject&&);
+    OpenGLObject& operator=(OpenGLObject&&);
     virtual ~OpenGLObject() {};
     
     virtual void bind() const = 0;
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ class OpenGLObject {
     GLuint id() const { return _id; }
     
     protected:
+    using Codes = OGLError::Codes;
     OpenGLObject() = default;
     
     virtual GLuint declare() = 0;

engine/NBGraphics/ProgramPipeline.hpp

@@ -54,12 +54,14 @@ class Shader : public OpenGLObject {
     using Base::Base;
     using Base::id;
     Shader(GLenum, const std::string&);
+    Shader(GLenum, const std::vector<std::string>&);
     Shader(Shader&&);
     Shader& operator=(Shader&&) = delete;
     ~Shader() { remove(); }
     operator bool();
     virtual void bind() const override { /* TODO: Some warning of some kind perhaps*/ }
     virtual void unbind() const override { /* TODO: Some warning of some kind perhaps*/ }
+    bool success() const;
     GLint status(GLenum) const;
     std::string log() const;
     const GLenum target;
@@ -68,6 +70,22 @@ class Shader : public OpenGLObject {
     protected:
     using Base::_id;
     GLint _success;
+    std::vector<std::string> _sources;
+
+    virtual void compile() {
+        int num_srcs = _sources.size();
+        std::vector<char*> src_ptrs(num_srcs);
+        for (int i=0; i < num_srcs; ++i) {
+            src_ptrs[i] = _sources[i].data();
+        }
+        glShaderSource(_id, num_srcs, src_ptrs.data(), NULL);
+        glCompileShader(_id);
+        _success = status(GL_COMPILE_STATUS);
+        if (!_success) {
+            WARN(log(), 0x0FE);
+        }
+    }
+
     virtual GLuint declare() override {
         if (!_id) {
             _id = _id = glCreateShader(target);

engine/NBGraphics/Textures.hpp

@@ -3,58 +3,150 @@
 #define _NB_TEXTURES
 
 #include "Buffers.hpp"
+#include "Image.hpp"
 #include "OGLObjects.hpp"
 
 namespace nb {
 
-template<bool Immutable=false>
+class TextureBuffer : public virtual Buffer {
-class TextureBuffer : public virtual Buffer<TextureBuffer<false>> {
-    using Base = Buffer<TextureBuffer<false>>;
-    using BufferType = Base;
-
     public:
-    using Base::Base;
+    TextureBuffer() : Buffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER) {}
-    static const GLenum Target = GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER;
 
+};
+
+class RenderTarget : public OpenGLObject {
     protected:
-
-};
-
-template <>
-class TextureBuffer<true> 
-: public virtual TextureBuffer<false>, public virtual ImmutableBuffer<TextureBuffer<true>> {
-    using Base = TextureBuffer<false>;
-    using BufferType = ImmutableBuffer<TextureBuffer<true>>;
-    
-    public:
-    using BufferType::BufferType;
-    using Base::Target;
-};
-
-class Texture : public OpenGLObject {
     using Base = OpenGLObject;
-public:
+    using Base::_id;
+    RenderTarget(GLenum target) : Target(target) {}
+    RenderTarget(RenderTarget&& rhs) 
+    : Target(rhs.Target), Base(std::move(rhs)) {}
+
+    public:
     using Base::Base;
     using Base::id;
+    const GLenum Target;
+};
 
-    Texture(GLenum);
+class Texture : public RenderTarget {
-
-    virtual void bind() const override { glBindTexture(target, _id); }
-    virtual void unbind() const override { glBindTexture(target, 0); }
-
-    const GLenum target;
-
-    friend Base;
-
     protected:
+    using Base = RenderTarget;
     using Base::_id;
-
+    Texture(GLenum);
+    virtual GLuint  declare() override {
+        if (!_id) {
+            glGenTextures(1, &_id);
+        }
+        bind();
+        return _id;
+    }
     virtual void remove() override {
         if (_id) {
+            bind();
             glDeleteTextures(0, &_id);
         }
     }
 
+    public:
+    using Base::Base;
+    using Base::id;
+    using Base::Target;
+
+    virtual void bind() const override {
+        if (_id) {
+            glBindTexture(Target, _id);
+        } else {
+            THROW(OGLError(
+                OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+                "w/ Texture"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    virtual void unbind() const override {
+        glBindTexture(Target, 0);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void parameter(GLenum param_, const T& val_);
+    void parameter(GLenum param_, const int& val_) {
+        declare();
+        glTexParameteri(_id, param_, val_);
+    }
+    void parameter(GLenum param_, const std::vector<int>& val_) {
+        declare();
+        glTexParameteriv(_id, param_, val_.data());
+    }
+    void parameter(GLenum param_, const std::vector<float>& val_) {
+        declare();
+        glTexParameterfv(_id, param_, val_.data());
+    }
+    void parameter(GLenum param_, const std::vector<unsigned int>& val_) {
+        declare();
+        glTexParameterIuiv(_id, param_, val_.data());
+    }
+    void generateMipmaps() const {
+        bind();
+        glGenerateMipmap(Target);
+    }
+
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+class ImageTexture;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct OGLPixelFormat;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+struct OGLPixelFormat<Pixel<T, Channels...>>;
+
+template<>
+struct OGLPixelFormat<Pixel<uint8_t, Red, Green, Blue>> {
+    static constexpr GLenum glFormat = GL_RGB;
+    static constexpr GLenum glData = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct OGLPixelFormat<Pixel<uint8_t, Red, Green, Blue, Alpha>> {
+    static constexpr GLenum glFormat = GL_RGBA;
+    static constexpr GLenum glData = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename... Channels>
+class ImageTexture<Pixel<T, Channels...>> : public Texture {
+    protected:
+    using Texture::Texture;
+    using PixelType = Pixel<T, Channels...>;
+
+    public:
+    using Texture::generateMipmaps;
+    ImageTexture() : Texture(GL_TEXTURE_2D) {}
+    ImageTexture(ImageTexture&& cpy) {
+        *this = std::move(cpy);
+    }
+    ImageTexture& operator=(ImageTexture&& rhs) {
+        return Texture::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    }
+    void setImage(const Image<PixelType>& img, unsigned int layer) {
+        using Format = OGLPixelFormat<PixelType>;
+        declare();
+        glTexImage2D(
+            Target,
+            layer,
+            Format::glFormat,
+            img.width,
+            img.height,
+            0,
+            Format::glFormat,
+            Format::glData,
+            img.data()
+        );
+    }
+    void setImage(const Image<PixelType>& img, bool generateMipmap=true) {
+        setImage(img, (unsigned int)0);
+        if (generateMipmap) { generateMipmaps(); }
+    }
+
 };
 
 } // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/VertexArray.hpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class VAOError : public Error<VAOError> {
     using Base::Base;
     
     enum Codes : unsigned int {
-        UNDEFINED, INVALID_ATTRIBUTE, INVALID_VAO
+        UNDEFINED, INVALID_ATTRIBUTE
     };
 
     static const std::string type;
@@ -90,7 +90,10 @@ class VAO : public OpenGLObject {
         if(_id) {
             glBindVertexArray(_id);
         } else {
-            THROW(VAOError(Codes::INVALID_VAO));
+            THROW(OGLError(
+                OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+                "w/ VertexArrayObject"
+            ));
         }
     }
     virtual void unbind() const override { glBindVertexArray(0); }
@@ -119,14 +122,29 @@ class VAO : public OpenGLObject {
         if (!_id) {
             glGenVertexArrays(1, &_id);
         }
+        bind();
         return _id;
     }
 
 };
 
-using VBO = ArrayBuffer<false>;
+class VertexError : public Error<VertexError> {
+    protected:
+    using Base = Error<VertexError>;
+    
+    public:
+    using Base::Base;
+    enum Codes : unsigned int {
+        UNDEFINED, MISALIGNED_DATA
+    };
+    static const std::string type;
+    static const ErrorCodeMap ErrorMessages;
+
+};
+
+using VBO = ArrayBuffer;
 using VertBufVec = SharedVector<VBO>;
-using EBO = ElementBuffer<false>;
+using EBO = ElementBuffer;
 
 struct VertexData {
     std::shared_ptr<VBO> vbo;
@@ -136,27 +154,70 @@ struct VertexData {
 using VertexDataVec = std::vector<VertexData>;
 
 class VertexGroup {
+    protected:
+    using Codes = VertexError::Codes;
+    VertexDataVec _vertex_data;
+    std::shared_ptr<EBO> _ebo;
+    std::shared_ptr<VAO> _vao;
+    GLenum _primitive;
+
     public:
+    GLenum primitive=GL_TRIANGLES;
     VertexGroup(VertexGroup&&);
     VertexGroup& operator=(VertexGroup&&);
     
-    VertexGroup(const VertexData&);
+    VertexGroup(
-    VertexGroup(const VertexDataVec&);
+        const VertexDataVec& vertex_data,
-    VertexGroup(const ByteVector&, const VertexAttributeList&);
+        const std::shared_ptr<EBO>& ebo
+    )
+    : _vao(std::make_shared<VAO>()), _ebo(ebo) {
+        setBuffers(vertex_data);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... T>
+    VertexGroup(
+        const VertexDataVec& vertex_data,
+        T... args
+    )
+    : VertexGroup(vertex_data, std::make_shared<EBO>(args...)) {
+        setBuffers(vertex_data);
+    }
+    
+    template<typename... T>
+    VertexGroup(
+        const VertexData& vertex_data,
+        T... args
+    )
+    : VertexGroup(VertexDataVec{vertex_data}, args...) {}
+    
+    template<typename... T>
+    VertexGroup(
+        const ByteVector& vertex_data,
+        const VertexAttributeList& vertex_specification,
+        T... args
+    ) : VertexGroup({
+        std::make_shared<VBO>(vertex_data),
+        vertex_specification},
+        args...
+    ) {}
 
     void bind() const {
-        _ebo->bind();
         _vao->bind();
+        _ebo->bind();
     }
     void unbind() const {
         _vao->unbind();
         _ebo->unbind();
     }
 
+    void draw() const;
+
     VertexDataVec getBuffers();
     VertexData getBuffers(size_t);
     size_t setBuffers(const VertexDataVec&);
     size_t addBuffer(const VertexData&);
+    size_t addBuffer(const ByteVector& data, const VertexAttributeList& attrs);
+    VertexDataVec dropBuffers();
     VertexData dropBuffer(size_t);
 
     VertexAttributePointer attribute(size_t) const;
@@ -167,10 +228,10 @@ class VertexGroup {
     void enable();
     void disable();
 
-    protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<EBO> indices() const;
-    VertexDataVec _vertex_data;
+    std::shared_ptr<EBO> indices(const std::vector<unsigned int>& data);
-    std::shared_ptr<EBO> _ebo;
+    std::shared_ptr<EBO> indices(std::shared_ptr<EBO> buffer);
-    std::shared_ptr<VAO> _vao;
+
 };
 
 } // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/src/Buffers.cpp

@@ -12,15 +12,92 @@ const std::string BufferError::type = "nb::BufferError";
 const ErrorCodeMap BufferError::ErrorMessages = {
     { BufferErrorCodes::UNDEFINED, "Error" },
     { BufferErrorCodes::DATA_OVERFLOW, "Attempting buffer overflow" },
-    { BufferErrorCodes::INVALID_BUFFER, "Attempting operation on invalid buffer" },
+    {BufferErrorCodes::DATA_ERROR, "Invalid memory operation"}
-    { BufferErrorCodes::HANDLE_OVERWRITE, "Attempting to overwrite active buffer"}
 
 };
 
-template<>
+Buffer::Buffer(Buffer&& rval) : Target(rval.Target) {
-ArrayBuffer<false>::ArrayBuffer(const ByteVector& data_, GLenum usage_) 
+    *this = std::move(rval);
-: BufferType() {
-    data(data_, usage_);
 }
 
+Buffer& Buffer::operator=(Buffer&& rhs) {
+    if (Target != rhs.Target) {
+        auto targ_name = BufferTypes.at(Target);
+        THROW(OGLError(
+            OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+            "w/ BufferType "+targ_name+" != BufferType "+BufferTypes.at(rhs.Target)
+        ));
+    }
+    OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    _usage = rhs._usage;
+    _size = rhs._size;
+
+    rhs._usage = GL_STATIC_DRAW;
+    rhs._size = 0;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+GLenum Buffer::usage() const { return _usage; }
+
+size_t Buffer::size() const { return _size; }
+
+ByteVector Buffer::data() const {
+    bind();
+    ByteVector ret(_size);
+    glGetBufferSubData(Target, 0, _size, ret.data());
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void Buffer::data(const void* data_, size_t size_, GLenum usage_) {
+    declare();
+    glBufferData(Target, size_, data_, usage_);
+    _size = size_;
+    _usage = usage_;
+}
+
+void Buffer::data(const ByteVector& data_, GLenum usage_) {
+    declare();
+    data(data_.data(), data_.size(), usage_);
+}
+
+void Buffer::subdata(const void* data_, size_t size_, GLintptr offset_) {
+    bind();
+    if (offset_+size_ <= _size) {
+        THROW(BufferError(BufferError::Codes::DATA_OVERFLOW));
+    }
+    glBufferSubData(Target, offset_, size_, data_);
+}
+
+void Buffer::subdata(const ByteVector& data_, GLintptr offset_) {
+    bind();
+    size_t size_ = data_.size();
+    subdata(data_.data(), size_);
+}
+
+ElementBuffer::ElementBuffer() : Buffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER) {}
+
+ByteVector ElementBuffer::data() const {
+    return data();
+}
+
+size_t ElementBuffer::size() const { return _size / _typeSize; }
+
+size_t ElementBuffer::typeSize() const { return _typeSize; }
+
+GLenum ElementBuffer::glslType() const { return _glslType; }
+
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint8_t>(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, GLenum usage);
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint16_t>(const std::vector<uint16_t>& data, GLenum usage);
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint32_t>(const std::vector<uint32_t>& data, GLenum usage);
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint8_t>(const uint8_t* const data, size_t size, GLenum usage);
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint16_t>(const uint16_t* const data, size_t size, GLenum usage);
+template void ElementBuffer::data<uint32_t>(const uint32_t* const data, size_t size, GLenum usage);
+
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint8_t>(const uint8_t* const data, size_t size, size_t offset=0);
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint16_t>(const uint16_t* const data, size_t size, size_t offset=0);
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint32_t>(const uint32_t* const data, size_t size, size_t offset=0);
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint8_t>(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, size_t offset=0);
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint16_t>(const std::vector<uint16_t>& data, size_t offset=0);
+template void ElementBuffer::subdata<uint32_t>(const std::vector<uint32_t>& data, size_t offset=0);
+
 }

engine/NBGraphics/src/FrameBuffers.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+#include "FrameBuffers.hpp"
+
+namespace nb {
+
+using FBOErrorCodes = FrameBufferError::Codes;
+const std::string FrameBufferError::type = "nb::FrameBufferError";
+const ErrorCodeMap FrameBufferError::ErrorMessages = {
+    {FBOErrorCodes::UNDEFINED, "Error"},
+    {FBOErrorCodes::INVALID_VALUE, "Invalid value"}
+};
+
+GLuint FrameBufferBase::declare() {
+    if (!_id) {
+        glGenFramebuffers(1, &_id);
+    }
+    bind();
+    return _id;
+}
+
+void FrameBufferBase::remove() {
+    if (_id) {
+        unbind();
+        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &_id);
+        _id=0;
+    }
+}
+
+FrameBufferBase::FrameBufferBase(GLenum target) : Target(target) {}
+
+std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> FrameBufferBase::detach(GLenum attch_) {
+    bind();
+    auto ret = _attachments.at(attch_);
+    _attachments.erase(attch_);
+    glFramebufferTexture(Target, attch_, 0, 0);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void FrameBufferBase::attach(
+    GLenum attachment_,
+    std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture_,
+    unsigned int level_,
+    unsigned int layer_
+) {
+    declare();
+    if (attachment_ == GL_NONE) {
+        THROW(FrameBufferError(FrameBufferError::INVALID_VALUE,
+            "Cannot attach object to `GL_NONE`"
+        ));
+    }
+    glFramebufferTextureLayer(
+        Target,
+        attachment_,
+        texture_->id(),
+        level_,
+        layer_
+    );
+    _attachments[attachment_] = texture_;
+}
+
+void FrameBufferBase::attach(
+    GLenum attachment_,
+    std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture_,
+    unsigned int level_
+) {
+    declare();
+    if (attachment_ == GL_NONE) {
+            THROW(FrameBufferError(FrameBufferError::INVALID_VALUE,
+                "Cannot attach object to `GL_NONE`"
+            ));
+    }
+    if (texTypeIs2D(texture_->Target)) {
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(
+            Target,
+            attachment_,
+            texture_->Target,
+            texture_->id(),
+            level_
+        );
+    } else {
+        glFramebufferTexture1D(
+            Target,
+            attachment_,
+            texture_->Target,
+            texture_->id(),
+            level_
+        );
+    }
+    _attachments[attachment_] = texture_;
+}
+
+void FrameBufferBase::bind() const {
+    if (_id) {
+        glBindFramebuffer(Target, _id);
+    } else {
+        THROW(OGLError(
+            OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT,
+            "w/ FrameBuffer"
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+void FrameBufferBase::unbind() const {
+    glBindFramebuffer(Target, 0);
+}
+
+GLenum FrameBufferBase::status() const {
+    bind();
+    return glCheckFramebufferStatus(Target);
+}
+
+FrameBufferBase::AttachmentMap FrameBufferBase::getAllBuffers() const {
+    return _attachments;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> FrameBufferBase::getBuffer(GLenum attch_) const {
+    try {
+        return _attachments.at(attch_);
+    } catch (const std::out_of_range& e) {
+        THROW(e);
+    }
+}
+
+// class ReadFrameBuffer
+
+ReadFrameBuffer::ReadFrameBuffer()
+: _location(GL_NONE), FrameBufferBase(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER) {}
+
+ReadFrameBuffer& ReadFrameBuffer::operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&& mv) {
+    if (mv.id()) {
+        _attachments = mv.getAllBuffers();
+        mv.setWriteBuffer(GL_NONE);
+        mv._attachments = {};
+        mv._locations = {};
+        FrameBufferBase::OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(mv));
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+ReadFrameBuffer& ReadFrameBuffer::operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&& mv) {
+    if (mv.id()) {
+        _attachments = mv._attachments;
+        _location = mv._location;
+        mv._attachments = {};
+        mv._location = GL_NONE;
+        FrameBufferBase::OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(mv));
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> ReadFrameBuffer::getReadBuffer() const {
+    if (_location == GL_NONE) { return nullptr; }
+    return getBuffer(_location);
+}
+
+GLenum ReadFrameBuffer::getReadLocation() const { return _location; }
+
+std::shared_ptr<RenderTarget> ReadFrameBuffer::setReadBuffer(GLenum attch_) {
+    bind();
+    if (attch_!=GL_NONE) {
+        try {
+            const auto& x = _attachments.at(attch_);
+        } catch (const std::out_of_range& e) {
+            THROW(FrameBufferError(FrameBufferError::INVALID_VALUE,
+                "No buffer set at attachment"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    _location = attch_;
+    glReadBuffer(_location);
+    return getReadBuffer();
+}
+
+// class WriteFrameBuffer
+
+WriteFrameBuffer::WriteFrameBuffer()
+: FrameBufferBase(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER) {}
+
+WriteFrameBuffer& WriteFrameBuffer::operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&& rhs) {
+    if (rhs.id()) {
+        _attachments = rhs._attachments;
+        rhs.setReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
+        rhs._attachments = {};
+        rhs._location = GL_NONE;
+        FrameBufferBase::OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+WriteFrameBuffer& WriteFrameBuffer::operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&& rhs) {
+    if (rhs.id()) {
+        _attachments = rhs._attachments;
+        _locations = rhs._locations;
+        rhs._attachments = {};
+        rhs._locations = {};
+        FrameBufferBase::OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+using fRGBA = RGBA<float>;
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Texture>> WriteFrameBuffer::getWriteBuffers() const {
+    const size_t count = _locations.size();
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Texture>> ret(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        ret[i] = std::static_pointer_cast<Texture>(getBuffer(_locations[i]));
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::vector<GLenum> WriteFrameBuffer::getWriteLocations() const {
+    return _locations;
+}
+
+WriteFrameBuffer::DrawTexVec WriteFrameBuffer::setWriteBuffers(const std::vector<GLenum>& attchs_) {
+    bind();
+    for (GLenum loc : attchs_) {
+        if (getBuffer(loc)->Target == GL_RENDERBUFFER) {
+            THROW(FrameBufferError(FrameBufferError::INVALID_VALUE,
+                "Cannot write to renderbuffer [ @ Attachment = "+std::to_string(loc)+" ]"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    _locations = attchs_;
+    glDrawBuffers(_locations.size(), _locations.data());
+    return getWriteBuffers();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Texture> WriteFrameBuffer::setWriteBuffer(GLenum attch_) {
+    bind();
+    if (attch_ == GL_NONE) {
+        std::vector<GLenum> tmp(_locations.size(), GL_NONE);
+        glDrawBuffers(tmp.size(), tmp.data());
+        _locations = {};
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    setWriteBuffers({attch_});
+    return std::static_pointer_cast<Texture>(getBuffer(attch_));
+}
+
+fRGBA WriteFrameBuffer::clearColorValue() const {
+    bind();
+    float rgba[4];
+    glGetFloatv(GL_COLOR_CLEAR_VALUE, rgba);
+    return fRGBA{rgba[0], rgba[1], rgba[2], rgba[3]};
+}
+
+fRGBA WriteFrameBuffer::clearColorValue(const fRGBA& color) {
+    declare();
+    glClearColor(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
+    return color;
+} 
+
+fRGBA WriteFrameBuffer::clearColorValue(float r, float g, float b, float a) {
+    return clearColorValue({r, g,b , a});
+}
+
+double WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepthValue() const {
+    bind();
+    double ret;
+    glGetDoublev(GL_DEPTH_CLEAR_VALUE, &ret);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+double WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepthValue(double d_) {
+    declare();
+    glClearDepth(d_);
+    return d_;
+}
+
+GLint WriteFrameBuffer::clearStencilValue() const {
+    bind();
+    GLint ret;
+    glGetIntegerv(GL_STENCIL_CLEAR_VALUE, &ret);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+GLint WriteFrameBuffer::clearStencilValue(GLint s_) {
+    declare();
+    glClearStencil(s_);
+    return s_;
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clear(GLbitfield mask_) const {
+    bind();
+    glClear(mask_);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepth() const {
+    clear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepth(float val_) const {
+    bind();
+    glClearBufferfv(GL_DEPTH, 0, &val_);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearStencil() const {
+    clear(GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearStencil(GLint val_) const {
+    bind();
+    glClearBufferiv(GL_STENCIL, 0, &val_);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepthStencil() const {
+    clear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
+}
+
+void WriteFrameBuffer::clearDepthStencil(float d_, GLint s_) const {
+    bind();
+    glClearBufferfi(GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, 0, d_, s_);
+}
+
+FrameBuffer::FrameBuffer()
+: FrameBufferBase(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) {}
+
+FrameBuffer& FrameBuffer::operator=(FrameBuffer&& rhs) {
+    if (rhs.id()) {
+        _attachments = rhs._attachments;
+        _location = rhs._location;
+        _locations = rhs._locations;
+        rhs._attachments = {};
+        rhs._locations = {};
+        rhs._location = GL_NONE;
+        OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+FrameBuffer& FrameBuffer::operator=(ReadFrameBuffer&& rhs) {
+    ReadFrameBuffer::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    return *this;
+}
+
+FrameBuffer& FrameBuffer::operator=(WriteFrameBuffer&& rhs) {
+    WriteFrameBuffer::operator=(std::move(rhs));
+    return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/src/Image.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "Image.hpp"
+
+using ImageErrorCodes = nb::ImageError::Codes;
+const std::string nb::ImageError::type = "nb::ImageError";
+const nb::ErrorCodeMap nb::ImageError::ErrorMessages = {
+    { ImageErrorCodes::UNDEFINED, "Error" },
+    {ImageErrorCodes::OUT_OF_BOUNDS, "Out of bounds"}
+};

engine/NBGraphics/src/OGLObjects.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,19 @@ namespace nb {
 const std::string OGLError::type = "nb::OGLError";
 const ErrorCodeMap OGLError::ErrorMessages = {
     { OGLError::Codes::UNDEFINED, "Error" },
-    {OGLError::Codes::HANGING_OBJECT, "Attempting to leave a hanging OpenGL object"}
+    {OGLError::Codes::HANGING_OBJECT, "Attempting to leave a hanging OpenGL object"},
+    {OGLError::Codes::INVALID_OBJECT, "Attempting operation with invalid object"}
 };
 
+OpenGLObject::OpenGLObject(OpenGLObject&& rval) {
+    *this = std::move(rval);
+}
+
+OpenGLObject& OpenGLObject::operator=(OpenGLObject&& rhs) {
+    if (_id) { THROW(OGLError(Codes::HANGING_OBJECT)); }
+    _id = rhs._id;
+    rhs._id = 0;
+    return *this;
+}
+
 } // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/src/ProgramPipeline.cpp

@@ -15,22 +15,29 @@ const ErrorCodeMap ProgramError::ErrorMessages = {
     {ProgramErrCodes::LINKING_ERROR, "Linker error"}
 };
 
-Shader::Shader(GLenum target_, const std::string& source_) : target(target_) {
+Shader::Shader(GLenum target_, const std::string& source_) 
+: Shader(target_, std::vector<std::string>({source_})) {}
+
+Shader::Shader(GLenum target_, const std::vector<std::string>& strings_) 
+: target(target_), _sources(strings_) {
     declare();
-    const char* src_ptr= source_.data();
+    compile();
-    glShaderSource(_id, 1, &src_ptr, NULL);
-    glCompileShader(_id);
-    _success = status(GL_COMPILE_STATUS);
-    if (!_success) {
-        WARN(log(), 0x0FE);
-    }
 }
 
-Shader::Shader(Shader&& cpy) : target(cpy.target) {
+Shader::Shader(Shader&& cpy) 
+: target(cpy.target), _success(cpy._success), _sources(cpy._sources) {
     _id = cpy._id;
+
+    cpy._success = false;
+    cpy._sources = {};
+    cpy._id = 0;
 }
 
-Shader::operator bool() { return _success; }
+Shader::operator bool() { return success(); }
+
+bool Shader::success() const {
+    return _success;
+}
 
 GLint Shader::status(GLenum parameter) const {
     GLint param = 0;

engine/NBGraphics/src/Textures.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 #include "Textures.hpp"
 
-namespace nb{
+namespace nb {
-
-Texture::Texture(GLenum target_) : target(target_) {
-    glGenTextures(1, &_id);
-}
 
+Texture::Texture(GLenum target_) : Base(target_) {}
 
 } // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/src/VertexArray.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,14 @@ using VAOErrorCodes = VAOError::Codes;
 const std::string VAOError::type = "nb::VAOError";
 const ErrorCodeMap VAOError::ErrorMessages = {
     { VAOErrorCodes::UNDEFINED, "Error" },
-    { VAOErrorCodes::INVALID_ATTRIBUTE, "Targeting invalid attribute"},
+    { VAOErrorCodes::INVALID_ATTRIBUTE, "Targeting invalid attribute"}
-    { VAOErrorCodes::INVALID_VAO, "Targeting invalid VAO" }
+};
+
+using VertexCodes = VertexError::Codes;
+const std::string  VertexError::type = "nb::VertexError";
+const ErrorCodeMap VertexError::ErrorMessages = {
+    { VertexError::UNDEFINED, "Error" },
+    { VertexError::MISALIGNED_DATA, "Data does not match vertex layout"}
 };
 
 VAO::VAO(const VertexAttributePointerList& attr_ptrs) {
@@ -19,12 +25,9 @@ VAO::VAO(VAO&& other) {
 }
 
 VAO& VAO::operator=(VAO&& rhs) {
-    _id = rhs._id;
+    OpenGLObject::operator=(std::move(rhs));
     _attrs = rhs._attrs;
-
-    rhs._id = 0;
     rhs._attrs = {};
-
     return *this;
 }
 
@@ -115,25 +118,17 @@ VertexGroup& VertexGroup::operator=(VertexGroup&& rhs) {
     return *this;
 }
 
-VertexGroup::VertexGroup(const VertexDataVec& vertex_data_) 
+void VertexGroup::draw() const {
-: _vao(std::make_shared<VAO>()), _ebo(std::make_shared<EBO>()) {
+    bind();
-    setBuffers(vertex_data_);
+    glDrawElements(primitive, _ebo->size(), _ebo->glslType(), 0);
 }
 
-VertexGroup::VertexGroup(const VertexData& vertex_data_) 
-: VertexGroup(VertexDataVec({vertex_data_})) {}
-
-VertexGroup::VertexGroup(
-    const ByteVector& data_,
-    const VertexAttributeList& attrs_
-) : VertexGroup({std::make_shared<VBO>(data_), attrs_}) {}
-
 size_t VertexGroup::addBuffer(const VertexData& vertex_data_) {
     VertexData data = vertex_data_;
     _vertex_data.emplace_back(data);
     VertexAttributePointerList attrs = _vao->attributes();
     GLuint idx = attrs.size();
-    for (auto attr : data.attrs) {
+    for (const auto& attr : data.attrs) {
         attrs.emplace_back(
             VertexAttributePointer{attr, data.vbo->id(),idx}
         );
@@ -143,6 +138,13 @@ size_t VertexGroup::addBuffer(const VertexData& vertex_data_) {
     return _vertex_data.size();
 }
 
+size_t VertexGroup::addBuffer(const ByteVector& data_, const VertexAttributeList& attrs_) {
+    return addBuffer({
+        std::make_shared<VBO>(data_),
+        attrs_
+    });
+}
+
 VertexData VertexGroup::getBuffers(size_t idx) {
     return _vertex_data[idx];
 }
@@ -155,8 +157,8 @@ size_t VertexGroup::setBuffers(const VertexDataVec& vertex_data_) {
     _vertex_data = vertex_data_;
     VertexAttributePointerList attr_ptrs;
     GLuint idx = 0;
-    for (auto data : _vertex_data) {
+    for (const auto& data : _vertex_data) {
-        for (auto attr : data.attrs) {
+        for (const auto& attr : data.attrs) {
             attr_ptrs.emplace_back(
                 VertexAttributePointer{attr, data.vbo->id(), idx}
             );
@@ -167,9 +169,15 @@ size_t VertexGroup::setBuffers(const VertexDataVec& vertex_data_) {
     return _vertex_data.size();
 }
 
+VertexDataVec VertexGroup::dropBuffers() {
+    auto ret = _vertex_data;
+    setBuffers({});
+    return ret;
+}
+
 VertexData VertexGroup::dropBuffer(size_t idx) {
     if (idx >= _vertex_data.size()) {
-        THROW(BufferError(BufferError::Codes::INVALID_BUFFER));
+        THROW(NBError(NBError::INDEX_ERROR));
     }
     VertexDataVec tmp;
     VertexData ret;
@@ -228,4 +236,16 @@ void VertexGroup::enable() { _vao->enable(); }
 
 void VertexGroup::disable() { _vao->disable(); }
 
+std::shared_ptr<EBO> VertexGroup::indices() const { return _ebo; } 
+
+std::shared_ptr<EBO> VertexGroup::indices(const std::vector<uint32_t>& data) {
+    _ebo->data(data);
+    return _ebo;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<EBO> VertexGroup::indices(std::shared_ptr<EBO> buffer) {
+    _ebo = buffer;
+    return _ebo;
+}
+
 } // namespace nb

engine/NBGraphics/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26.0)
 if (NB_BUILD_TESTS)
     enable_testing()
     include(GoogleTest)
+    
     add_executable(TestWindow
         ./TestWindow.cpp
     )
@@ -11,4 +12,15 @@ if (NB_BUILD_TESTS)
         NBGraphics
     )
 
+    add_executable(TestImages
+        ./testImages.cpp
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(TestImages
+        NBCore
+        NBGraphics
+        GTest::gtest_main
+    )
+
+    gtest_discover_tests(TestImages)
+
 endif()

engine/NBGraphics/tests/TestWindow.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 #include "GLLoad.hpp"
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"
+
+#include "Image.hpp"
 #include "ProgramPipeline.hpp"
 #include "VertexArray.hpp"
 #include "Window.hpp"
+#include "Textures.hpp"
 
 int main() {
     nb::logger.log("Howdy!");
@@ -10,54 +15,90 @@ int main() {
     window.setWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
     window.init();
 
-    nb::logger.log("Goob");
-
     auto vert = std::make_shared<nb::Shader>(
         GL_VERTEX_SHADER,
         "#version 330 core\n"
         "layout (location = 0) in vec2 aPos;\n"
+        "layout (location = 1) in vec2 tPos;\n"
+        "out vec2 vPos;\n"
         "void main()\n"
         "{\n"
         "   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, 0.0, 1.0);\n"
+        "   vPos = tPos;\n"
         "}\0"
     );
 
-    LOG("Vertex Shader: " + vert->log());
+    LOG(vert->log());
 
     auto frag = std::make_shared<nb::Shader>(
         GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
         "#version 330 core\n"
+        "in vec2 vPos;\n"
         "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
+        "uniform sampler2D tex;\n"
         "void main()\n"
         "{\n"
-        "   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
+        "   FragColor = texture(tex, vPos);\n"
         "}\n\0"
     );
 
-    LOG("Fragment shader: " + frag->log());
+    LOG(frag->log());
 
     nb::ByteVector data = nb::vectorToBytes<float>({
-       -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5 
+       -0.5, -0.5, 0,0,
+       -0.5, 0.5, 0,1,
+       0.5, 0.5, 1,1,
+       0.5, -0.5, 1,0
     });
 
     nb::Program prog({vert, frag});
     prog.bind();
 
+    std::vector<uint32_t> indxs = {0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3};
+
     nb::VertexGroup tri(data, {
         nb::VertexAttribute{
             2,
             GL_FLOAT,
             false,
-            {0, 8}
+            {0, 16}
+        },
+        nb::VertexAttribute{
+            2,
+            GL_FLOAT,
+            false,
+            {8, 16}
         }
-    });
+    }, indxs);
     tri.bind();
 
+    int width, height, numChannels;
+    auto raw_img_data = stbi_load(
+        "./awesomeface.png",
+        &width,
+        &height,
+        &numChannels,
+        0
+    );
+    LOG(numChannels);
+    using RGBA = nb::Pixel<uint8_t, nb::Red, nb::Green, nb::Blue, nb::Alpha>;
+    nb::ImageReference<RGBA> img(width, height, raw_img_data);
+    auto tex = nb::ImageTexture<RGBA>();
+    tex.parameter(GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+    tex.parameter(GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+    tex.setImage(img);
+    tex.bind();
+    tri.bind();
+    LOG(img.at(256, 256).r);
+    stbi_image_free(raw_img_data);
+
+    LOG(prog.log());
+
     GLFWwindow* window_ptr = window.getWindow();
     while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window_ptr)) {
-        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
         glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+        tri.draw();
         glfwPollEvents();
         glfwSwapBuffers(window_ptr);
     }    

engine/NBGraphics/tests/testImages.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"
+
+#include "Image.hpp"
+
+TEST(TestImage, SinglePixel) {
+    using RGB = nb::Pixel<uint8_t, nb::Red, nb::Green, nb::Blue>;
+    RGB p1;
+    p1.r = 0x00;
+    p1.g = 0x0F;
+    p1.b = 0xFF;
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.r, 0x00);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.g, 0x0F);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.b, 0xFF);
+    RGB p2(p1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p2.r, 0x00);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p2.g, 0x0F);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p2.b, 0xFF);
+    RGB p3(0xA, 0xB, 0xC);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.r, 0xA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.g, 0xB);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.b, 0xC);
+    RGB p4 = p3;
+    ASSERT_EQ(p4.r, 0xA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p4.g, 0xB);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p4.b, 0xC);
+    RGB p5(0xA0, 0xB0, 0xC0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p5.r, 0xA0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p5.g, 0xB0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p5.b, 0xC0);
+
+    using RBAG = nb::Pixel<float,
+        nb::Red, nb::Blue, nb::Alpha, nb::Green
+    >;
+    float a=0.5, b=0.4, c=0.0, d=0.3;
+    RBAG p6 = {a, b, c, d};
+    ASSERT_EQ(p6.r, a);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p6.b, b);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p6.a, c);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p6.g, d);
+    RBAG p7 = p6;
+    ASSERT_EQ(p7.r, a);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p7.b, b);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p7.a, c);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p7.g, d);
+}
+
+TEST(TestImage, PixelReference) {
+    using RGB = nb::Pixel<uint8_t, nb::Red, nb::Green, nb::Blue>;
+    using RGBRef = nb::PixelReference<RGB>;
+
+    using RBAG = nb::Pixel<float,
+        nb::Red, nb::Blue, nb::Alpha, nb::Green
+    >;
+    using RBAGRef = nb::PixelReference<RBAG>;
+
+    RGB p1{255, 254, 253};
+    RGBRef rp1(p1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.r, p1.r);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.g, p1.g);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.b, p1.b);
+
+    RGB p2{0xa, 0xb, 0xc};
+    rp1 = p2;
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.r, p2.r);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.g, p2.g);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.b, p2.b);
+
+    RGB p3 = rp1;
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.r, p1.r);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.g, p1.g);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p3.b, p1.b);
+
+    RGBRef rp2 = rp1;
+    rp2 = RGB(2, 4, 8);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.r, 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.g, 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.b, 8);
+
+    int val = 27;
+    rp1.b = val;
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.r, p1.r);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.g, p1.g);
+    ASSERT_EQ(rp1.b, p1.b);
+    ASSERT_EQ(p1.b, val);
+}
+
+TEST(TestImage, SimpleImage) {
+    unsigned char data[] = {
+        0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0xFF,
+        0xFF, 0x00,
+        0xFF, 0xFF
+    };
+    using RG = nb::Pixel<uint8_t, nb::Red, nb::Blue>;
+    nb::Image<RG> img(
+        2, 2, data
+    );
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(data); ++i) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(img.data()[i], data[i]);
+    }
+    auto pixel = img.at(0, 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pixel.r, data[4]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(pixel.b, data[5]);
+    
+}
+
+TEST(TestImage, LoadImage) {
+    int width, height, numChannels;
+    unsigned char* data = stbi_load(
+        "./awesomeface.png",
+        &width,
+        &height,
+        &numChannels,
+        0  
+    );
+    using RGBA = nb::Pixel<unsigned char, nb::Red, nb::Green, nb::Blue, nb::Alpha>;
+    nb::Image<RGBA> img(
+        width, height, data
+    );
+    for(int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < width; ++j) {
+            auto pixel = img.at(j, i);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.r, data[4*(i*width+j)]);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.g, data[4*(i*width+j) + 1]);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.b, data[4*(i*width+j) + 2]);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.a, data[4*(i*width+j) + 3]);
+        }
+    }
+    stbi_image_free(data);
+}
+
+TEST(TestImage, ImageBounds) {
+    size_t len = 10;
+    uint8_t val = 0xAA;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> vec(2*len*len, val);
+    using RB = nb::Pixel<uint8_t, nb::Red, nb::Blue>;
+    nb::Image<RB> img(
+        len, len, vec.data()
+    );
+    for (int i=0; i < 15; ++i) {
+        if (i<len) {
+            auto pixel = img.at(len/2, i);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.r, val);
+            ASSERT_EQ(pixel.b, val);
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_THROW(img.at(len/2, i), nb::ImageError);
+            ASSERT_THROW(img.at(i, len/2), nb::ImageError);
+        }
+    }
+
+}